What is a tracheal cannula?

A tracheal cannula is a special plastic tube that is inserted into a surgically created opening in the windpipe (tracheostoma). This tracheal cannula allows for a secure connection between the windpipe (trachea) and a ventilator. In addition to the actual ventilation tube, the tracheal cannula also contains other important components that are essential for the connection between the body’s respiratory system and the ventilator. In the lower section of the tracheal cannula is an air cushion (“cuff”) that can be inflated to varying degrees (inflated cannula) or deflated (deflated cannula). This allows one to determine whether a “seal” should be established between the tracheal cannula and the trachea.

For effective ventilation, a seal between the tracheal cannula and the tracheal wall (sealed cannula) is necessary. In other situations, the tracheal cannula is used “only” as an opening for the safe suction of secretions, without a ventilator being connected. In this application, a seal between the tracheal cannula and the tracheal wall may—under certain circumstances—be omitted (unsealed cannula). At the outer end of the tracheal cannula is a standardized connector that enables a secure connection to a tubing system, which in turn is connected to a ventilator.

Overall, the tracheostomy tube is an important medical device that plays a crucial role in ensuring a safe airway. The care and use of the tracheostomy tube require special qualifications on the part of physicians and nursing staff. After a tracheostomy tube has been inserted, care must therefore be provided by a nursing service that has the necessary qualifications and experience in the use, care, and monitoring of the tracheostomy tube.