In what situations is administering morphine helpful?

Morphine, in its various strengths and dosage forms (tablet, orodispersible tablet, solution for injection, or nasal spray), has a very broad range of properties that make it suitable for relieving labored breathing, restlessness, and anxiety. Morphine induces muscle relaxation, including that of the respiratory muscles, improves venous return (relieving blood congestion in the lungs), psychological relaxation ranging up to mild euphoria, and (depending on the dosage) drowsiness (sedation), which may be desirable in cases of severe stress.

For patients with severe swallowing difficulties, the use of fentanyl as a nasal spray has proven effective, as the medication (without the need for oral tablets, PEG administration, or subcutaneous injections) can be administered by patients and their caregivers and takes effect very quickly. In some cases, morphine can be administered using a medication pump. This involves an infusion using a thin injection needle into the subcutaneous tissue (subcutaneous needle). This method of administration can also be performed at home and allows for rapid and individualized adjustment of the medication dose.