In what situations is treatment with morphine appropriate?

Morphine, in its various strengths and dosage forms (tablet, orodispersible tablet, solution for injection, or nasal spray), has a very broad range of effects that are suitable for relieving respiratory distress, restlessness, and anxiety. Morphine induces muscle relaxation, including that of the respiratory muscles, as well as psychological relaxation ranging up to mild euphoria and (depending on the dosage) drowsiness (sedation), which may be desirable in cases of severe stress.

For patients with severe swallowing difficulties, the use of fentanyl as a nasal spray has proven effective, as the medication can be administered by patients and their caregivers and takes effect very quickly. In some cases, morphine can be administered using a medication pump. This involves administering an infusion through a thin injection needle into the subcutaneous tissue (subcutaneous needle). This method of administration can also be performed at home and allows for rapid and individualized adjustment of the medication dose.